Matera is a fascinating city with a rich history and plenty of attractions. Here’s a detailed overview:

Location

Matera is located in the southern part of Italy, in the region of Basilicata. It is situated on a rocky outcrop in the Gravina di Matera, a small canyon.

History

Matera is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Paleolithic era. The city is renowned for its "Sassi" (stones), ancient cave dwellings that have been inhabited for thousands of years.

• Prehistoric Period: Matera's caves were first inhabited during the Paleolithic period. The area was an ideal location due to its natural fortifications and availability of water.
• Classical Antiquity: During Roman times, Matera became more structured, with significant developments in infrastructure.
• Middle Ages: The city grew in importance and saw the construction of many churches and monasteries. It became a religious and cultural center.
• Modern Times: In the 20th century, the Sassi were considered a symbol of poverty, and residents were relocated. However, in the 1980s, efforts to preserve and restore the area began, leading to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Things to Do in Matera

1. Sassi di Matera:

   • Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano: Explore these two main districts of ancient cave dwellings. Walking through these areas offers a glimpse into the past with narrow alleys, rock-hewn churches, and historic homes.
   • Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario: Visit this restored cave dwelling to see how people lived in the Sassi until the mid-20th century.

2. Rock Churches:

   • Santa Maria de Idris: A church carved into the rock with ancient frescoes.
   • San Pietro Barisano: The largest rock church in Matera with an impressive underground crypt.

3. Matera Cathedral:

   • Located in the Civita district, this 13th-century cathedral offers stunning views of the Sassi and the surrounding landscape.

4. Palombaro Lungo:

   • An ancient underground cistern used to collect rainwater, showcasing the ingenuity of Matera’s historical inhabitants in managing water resources.

5. Museo Nazionale d'Arte Medievale e Moderna della Basilicata:

   • Located in the Palazzo Lanfranchi, this museum houses a collection of medieval and modern art, including works by Carlo Levi.

6. Crypt of the Original Sin:

   • Often referred to as the "Sistine Chapel of the Rupestrian Churches," this crypt features extraordinary frescoes dating back to the 8th-9th centuries.

7. Belvedere:

   • For panoramic views of Matera, head to one of the many viewpoints, such as the Belvedere di Murgia Timone.

8. Local Cuisine:

   • Enjoy traditional dishes such as “pane di Matera” (local bread), “cavatelli” pasta, and “peperoni cruschi” (crunchy peppers).

Festivals and Events

• Matera International Film Festival: Celebrating the city's cinematic heritage, especially after "The Passion of the Christ" brought international attention.
• Madonna della Bruna: An annual festival on July 2nd, featuring a grand procession and elaborate fireworks.

Matera’s blend of history, culture, and natural beauty makes it a unique and captivating destination for travelers.